Schubert revised the song three times before publishing his fourth version in 1821 as his Opus 1 it was cataloged by Otto Erich Deutsch as D. 328 in his 1951 catalog of Schubert’s works. The song was first performed in concert on December 1, 1820, at a private gathering in Vienna, and received its public premiere on March 7, 1821, at Vienna’s Theater am Kärntnertor. The four characters in the song – narrator, father, son, and the Erlking – are usually all sung by a single vocalist occasionally, however, the work is performed by four individual vocalists (or three, with one taking the parts of both the narrator and the Erlking). Schubert placed each character largely in a different vocal range, and each has his own rhythmic nuances in addition, most singers endeavor to use a different vocal coloration for each part. The Narrator lies in the middle range and is in minor.The Father lies in the low range and sings both in minor mode and major. The Son lies in a high range, also in minor. The Erlking’s vocal line, in major, undulates up and down to arpeggiated accompaniment: providing the only break from the ostinato bass triplets in the accompaniment until the boy’s death.The Erlking lines are typically sung in a softer dynamic.
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